Dengue fever is the world’s fastest-spreading mosquito-borne virus. Its range has extended drastically over the last six decades. Much of this transformation is the result of climate change.
The surge in cases is alarming. The virus is now appearing in areas hitherto untouched. Cooperation between nations is crucial to curb its spread.
What is Dengue Fever?
Dengue is a viral illness spread to humans through a bite from an infected mosquito. It is common in tropical and subtropical regions, mostly in urban and suburban zones.
Two mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, transmit the virus. They breed in stagnant water found in containers or unsanitary places.
Dengue fever induces flu-like symptoms and can be fatal. One-fifth of those with severe forms do not survive.
Global vulnerability to dengue is rising. Almost half of the world’s population is at risk of exposure.
How Quickly is Dengue Fever Spreading?
In 2024, there have been over 11 million dengue cases, double the number from 2023. This figure is four times the five-year average. In the Americas, more than one person per 1,000 has dengue.
Rising global temperatures provide conditions favorable for dengue’s spread. Climate change extends its viable season. In the Western Pacific and Eastern Mediterranean regions, this extension lasts four months.
Higher altitudes and temperate regions are now at risk for dengue fever. The healthcare systems in these areas may not be equipped to handle outbreaks. As the infection has not hit these zones, their people have not developed immunity to it.
What Nations are Most Afflicted by Dengue Fever?
The Americas are hit hardest, with 2024 recording the highest number of cases ever. Brazil leads with over 9 million cases. Argentina is second, with Paraguay, Peru and Colombia ranking next.
The high number of cases has allowed dengue to reach new parts of the world. It’s especially contagious through air and ground travel. As a result, dengue cases in Europe have surged. Warmer conditions in Europe will likely allow the virus to thrive.
Why Is Dengue Fever Spreading?
Brazil illustrates the factors driving dengue’s spread. Past infection sites, urbanization, and temperature changes are part of the problem. Additionally, previously cooler zones now face exposure.
The country’s socioeconomic conditions also contribute to its vulnerability to dengue fever. Cities are being built without the construction quality or services to sustain them.
Aedes mosquitoes breed between 18–33 °C (64–91 °F), with peak transmission at 21–30 °C (69-86 °F). Most of Brazil falls within this range for much of the year. Longer, hotter summers will increase infections.
The Western Amazon faces rising exposure risks to dengue fever. Long travel distances between urban centers put the population at risk. Activities like deforestation, mining, and construction raise infection chances. Temporary settlements for such projects often lack basic amenities.
How Can The Spread of Dengue Fever Be Slowed?
Surveillance, environmental, and climate systems can track, stop, and manage dengue. Using diagnostic tools, mosquito insecticides, and managing standing water is crucial. Mosquito habitats must be eradicated as much as possible. Medical personnel need proper training on viral diseases.
Countries must cooperate, as viruses do not respect borders. Reducing global carbon emissions is essential to curb climate change. Otherwise, dengue infections will continue to rise.
Have an upcoming trip? Passport Health offers a wide variety of options to help keep you safe from mosquito-borne disease, from vaccinations to repellents. Call or book online to schedule your appointment today.
Logan Hamilton is a freelance writer for hire. He’s passionate about crafting crystal-clear, captivating, and credible content that elevates brands and establishes trust. When not writing, Logan can be found hiking, sticking his nose in bizarre books, or playing drums in a local rock band. Find him at loganjameshamilton.com.
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