Researchers are noticing alarming trends with mpox, previously known as Monkeypox, in 2024. A more acute variant of the virus is spreading to previously unaffected regions. As mpox cases rise, vaccination and sex education are critical to slow spread and save lives.
What is Mpox?
Mpox is an infection caused by the mpox virus (MPXV). It originates in Central and West Africa. Most transmission occurs between animals and humans. Human-to-human transmission occurs through close contact, including sexual activity.
MPXV was first isolated in Copenhagen in 1958. Researchers were investigating pox-like symptoms in captive monkeys. The first human case appeared in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in 1970.
Additional infections cropped up in Central and West Africa throughout the 1980s. In 2022, a major outbreak affected 90,000 people across six continents.
What do Researchers Know about Mpox?
There are two main variants, or clades, of MPXV: Clade I, found in Central Africa, and Clade II, found in West Africa.
Clade I MPXV causes a more severe illness. Symptoms can include rashes covering the face, torso, and other body parts. The mortality rate for Clade I mpox ranges from 1-10%.
Clade II MPXV caused the 2022 global outbreak. This variant often produces sores around the mouth or genitals. It is less deadly than Clade I, with a 1-4% mortality rate. Clusters of Clade II cases still emerge in the U.S.
Clade I MPXV typically transmits from infected animals or household members. Both Clade I and Clade II mpox can spread through sexual contact.
Why is Mpox Alarming Scientists in 2024?
An outbreak of Clade I MPXV is currently spreading in Central and Eastern Africa. Reports suggest possible infections in non-endemic countries.
The World Health Organization (WHO) cited “international concern.” It identified 17,000 cases across Africa. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control confirms over 100,000 cases worldwide. Mpox infections now exist in 120 countries, with over 200 deaths reported.
In September 2024, Kerala, India, confirmed a Clade I MPXV case. A month earlier, Sweden also documented a Clade I infection. Los Angeles warns of rising mpox cases, urging high-risk individuals to get vaccinated. The emergence of mpox cases in these locations is cause for concern.
What Measures Can Prevent Mpox Spread?
The DRC accounts for over 90% of mpox cases. Malnutrition and outbreaks of cholera and measles strain its health system. The U.S. has pledged 50,000 vaccines to the DRC, but it would take 10 million to contain the virus in Africa.
Doctors recommend vaccination for travelers to the DRC or other regions with Clade I MPXV. In Los Angeles, 70% of new cases involve unvaccinated individuals. Only one in four people in the U.S. who qualify for the vaccine have received it.
Jynneos is the preferred MPXV vaccine. Its two doses prevent mpox in up to 85% of cases. High-risk individuals and those exposed to MPXV within the last 14 days should get vaccinated.
Health officials suggest that people with mpox symptoms quarantine at home. Isolation from household members and pets, when possible, can help prevent transmission.
Some antiviral drugs used for smallpox can also treat mpox. These drugs especially help those with severe symptoms or weak immune systems.
Ecological rehabilitation can help control mpox. When rodent habitats disappear, they invade urban areas. This pattern increases the risk of viral spread from animals to humans.
The Global Outlook on Mpox
Mpox is spreading and establishing footholds in new regions. As it becomes a growing global threat, cooperation is crucial. Like the fight against smallpox, countries must work together to end mpox.
Have an upcoming trip? Passport Health offers a wide variety of options to help keep you safe from disease, including vaccines. Call or book online to schedule your appointment today.
Logan Hamilton is a freelance writer for hire. He’s passionate about crafting crystal-clear, captivating, and credible content that elevates brands and establishes trust. When not writing, Logan can be found hiking, sticking his nose in bizarre books, or playing drums in a local rock band. Find him at loganjameshamilton.com.
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